Diabetes and HbA1c: Your guide to better health

Understanding Diabetes Control and HbA1c: Your guide to better health

Living with diabetes can sometimes feel overwhelming – but remember, you’re not alone. Managing diabetes isn’t just about numbers; it’s about understanding your body and making small consistent choices that help you stay healthy and feel your best.

One of the most important tools in your diabetes journey is a blood test called HbA1c. Let’s explore what it means and how it can guide you toward better diabetes control.

What is HbA1c?

The HbA1c test (also known as glycated haemoglobin) measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

When sugar (glucose) travels through your bloodstream, some of it sticks to your red blood cells. The higher your blood sugar, the more glucose attaches – and that’s what the HbA1c test measures.

Because red blood cells live for around 120 days, this test shows your long-term glucose control, not just what your sugar was on the day of the test.

Why is HbA1c so important?

Knowing your HbA1c level helps you and your healthcare team understand how well your diabetes is controlled. It can:

• Show if your blood sugar has been in a healthy range

• Help your doctor/nurse adjust your medications, diet or exercise plan

• Reduce your risk of long-term complications like nerve, kidney or eye problems

Even a small improvement in your HbA1c can make a big difference in your long-term health.

What do HbA1c results mean?

HbA1c results What it means

Below 41 (6%) Normal (no diabetes)

41-47 (6.1-6.4%) Prediabetes

48 or higher (6.5% or higher) Diabetes

The target for most people with diabetes is between 48-58 (below 7%). Your target may be different depending on your age, health and other factors. I would always make sure to discuss your personal HbA1c goal with your doctor/nurse to know what target is best for your health and lifestyle.

How can you improve your HbA1c?

The good news: you can lower your HbA1c through consistent, everyday habits. Here are some strategies that make a real difference:

1. Eat balanced meals

• Choose whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables

• Limit sugary drinks and processed foods

• Watch your portion sizes and carb intake

2. Stay active

Aim for at least 30minutes of movement most days – walking, swimming, dancing or any activity you enjoy. Exercise helps your body produce and use insulin more efficiently and lowers blood sugar levels.

3. Take medications as prescribed

Never skip or change your medication without talking to your doctor/nurse. Regular use keeps your blood sugar steady and protects against complications.

4. Check your blood sugar

Monitoring your levels at home helps you understand how food, exercise and stress affect your blood sugar.

5. Sleep well and manage stress

Poor sleep and stress can raise blood sugar levels. Try deep breathing, gentle stretching or mindfulness before bed to relax your mind and body.

How often should you check your HbA1c?

• Every 3 months if you’re starting or changing treatment

• Every 6 months if your diabetes is stable and well controlled

The Bottom line

Managing diabetes is a journey – and your HbA1c is your roadmap. It helps you and your health care team see where you are and plan the best way forward.

Remember: you are in control. Small steps each day – healthy eating, staying active, taking your medication and having regular checks – all add up to better numbers and a healthier life.